Dynamic Range and bit depth
Bit depth and dynamic range are indeed separate concepts and there is no direct one to one relationship between them.
The bit depth of a capturing or displaying device gives you an indication of its dynamic range capacity, i.e. the highest dynamic range that the device would be capable of reproducing if all other constraints are eliminated. For instance, a bit-depth of 12 for a CCD tells you that the maximum dynamic range of the sensor is 4096:1, but the captured dynamic range is likely to be much less once noise is taken into account (most 12-bit sensors have on average a dynamic range around 1,000:1 only).
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The dynamic range is the ratio between the maximum and minimum values of a physical measurement. Its definition depends on what the dynamic range refers to.
For a scene: ratio between the brightest and darkest parts of the scene.
For a camera: ratio of saturation to noise. More specifically, ratio of the intensity that just saturates the camera to the intensity that just lifts the camera response one standard deviation above camera noise.
For a display: ratio between the maximum and minimum intensities emitted from the screen.
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Most digital cameras are only able to capture a limited dynamic range (the exposure setting determines which part of the total dynamic range will be captured). This is why HDR images are commonly created from photos of the same scene taken under different exposure levels. Here are some recommendations for taking different exposures for the HDR image: (more…)
HDR - High Dynamic Range.
Is a set of techniques that allows a greater dynamic range of exposures (the range of values between light and dark areas) than normal digital imaging techniques. The intention of HDRI is to accurately represent the wide range of intensity levels found in real scenes ranging from direct sunlight to shadows.
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